First Prakash of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji at Harmandir Sahib.
Important Milestones
• 30 August 1604: Completion of Adi Granth
• 1 September 1604: Adi Granth installed for the first time at Harimander Sahib by Guru Arjan Dev ji
• 1705: The Damdama Sahib Bir was completed by Guru Gobind Singh Ji from memory.
• 20 October 1708: Installation of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji as eternal Guru
Sri
Guru Granth Sahib ( ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ , srī gurū granth sāhib
jī ) is the religious Scripture of Sikhism. It is the final and eternal
guru of the Sikhs It is a voluminous text of 1430 angs, compiled and
composed during the period of Sikh gurus, from 1469 to 1708.It is a
collection of hymns (shabda) or baani describing the qualities of God
and why one should meditate on God’s name. Guru Gobind Singh
(1666–1708), the tenth guru, affirmed the sacred text Adi Granth as his
successor, elevating it to Guru Granth Sahib.The text remains the holy
scripture of the Sikhs, regarded as the teachings of the Ten Gurus. The
role of Adi Granth, as a source or guide of prayer, is pivotal in
worship in Sikhism.
The
Adi Granth was first compiled by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev ji
(1563–1606), from hymns of the first five Sikh gurus and other great
saints, or bhagats, including those of the Hindu and Muslim faith.
It
is written in the Gurmukhī script, predominantly in archaic Punjabi,
with occasional use of other languages including Braj Bhasha, Khariboli,
Sanskrit and Persian, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant
Bhasha.
Composition Main article: Gurmukhī
Main article: Ragas in the Guru Granth Sahib ji
The
Sikh Gurus developed a new writing system, Gurmukhī, for writing their
sacred literature.Although the exact origins of the script are unknown,
it is believed to have existed in an elementary form during the time of
Guru Nanak Dev Ji . According to Sikh tradition, Guru Angad Ji is said
to have invented the script, and popularised its use among the Sikhs. It
is stated in Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, that the script
was invented by Guru Angad Dev Ji at the suggestion of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
during the lifetime of the founder.The word Gurmukhī translates as
“from the mouth of the Guru”. The script was used, from the outset, for
compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign a high degree of sanctity to
the Gurmukhī language script; it is also the official script for the
Indian State of Punjab.
The end part of the handwritten Adi granth, by Pratap Singh Giani, located on the first floor of Harmandir Sahib
The
Guru Granth Sahib is divided into fourteen hundred and thirty pages
known as Angs (limbs) in Sikh tradition. It can be divided into three
different sections:
1. Introductory section consisting of the Mul Mantra, Japji and Sohila composed by Guru Nanak
2.
Compositions of Sikh Gurus followed by those of Different Bhagats who
just know Only the God, collected according to chronology of Ragas or
musical notes .
3. Compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
The
poems are divided on the basis of their musical setting in different
ragas. A raga is a series of melodic motifs, based upon a definite scale
or mode, that provide a basic structure around which the musician
performs. The ragas are associated with different moods and times of the
day and year. The total number of ragas in the Sikh system is thirty
one, divided into fourteen ragas and seventeen raginis (less important
or less definite ragas). Within the raga division, the songs are
arranged in order of the Sikh gurus and Sikh bhagats with whom they are
associated.
The
various ragas are, in order: Raga Sri, Manjh, Gauri, Asa, Gujri,
Devagandhari, Bihagara, Wadahans, Sorath, Dhanasri, Jaitsri, Todi,
Bairari, Tilang, Suhi, Bilaval, Gond (Gaund), Ramkali, Nut-Narayan,
Mali-Gaura, Maru, Tukhari, Kedara, Bhairav (Bhairo), Basant, Sarang,
Malar, Kanra, Kalyan, Prabhati and Jaijawanti. In addition there are
twenty-two compositions of Vars (Traditional ballads). Nine of these
have specific tunes and the rest can be sung to any tune.
Bhul chuk maaf
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